What term describes the process of wearing away by friction?

The process of wearing away by friction is accurately described as abrasion. This term refers to the gradual removal of material from a surface due to mechanical action, often caused by contact with other materials or environmental forces such as wind and water. Abrasion plays a critical role in various geological and environmental processes, influencing landforms and soil composition, as well as affecting infrastructure materials like pavement and structural components.

In contrast, the other terms listed refer to different concepts. Alignment pertains to the arrangement or positioning of elements, often relevant in surveying or design work. Base course refers to a layer of material in road construction that provides structural support, rather than a process of wear. Bioretention is related to stormwater management systems designed to collect, treat, and infiltrate rainwater, focusing on water quality and drainage rather than the mechanical wearing process. Each of these concepts serves a distinct purpose and is not interchangeable with the notion of wearing away by friction.