What term describes the load-supporting capacity of soil?

The term that describes the load-supporting capacity of soil is referred to as bearing capacity. Bearing capacity is a critical factor in civil and geotechnical engineering, as it determines how much weight the soil can support without failure or excessive settlement. This measurement is essential when designing foundations for structures, ensuring that the soil can adequately sustain the imposed loads without risking structural integrity.

When evaluating a site for construction, engineers must assess the soil type, moisture content, and compaction to determine its bearing capacity. Soil that has a higher bearing capacity can support heavier structures, whereas soil with lower bearing capacity may require more extensive foundation designs or reinforcement.

The angle of repose refers to the steepest angle at which loose material will remain stationary without sliding, and while it is related to soil stability, it does not quantify load-bearing potential. Abrasion pertains to the wearing away of soil or rock surfaces through friction, and backfill is the material used to refill an excavated area but does not describe the soil's capacity to support loads. Thus, bearing capacity is the most appropriate term for describing the load-supporting capability of soil.