What is the term for the interception and removal of groundwater or surface water by artificial or natural means?

The term for the interception and removal of groundwater or surface water by artificial or natural means is drainage. This process is crucial in managing excess water from precipitation, preventing waterlogging, and controlling stormwater. Drainage systems can be engineered, such as ditches, pipes, or retention basins, or they may exist in a natural state, like wetlands.

Infiltration refers to the process by which water seeps into the ground from the surface, which is different from drainage as it involves water entering the soil rather than being removed. Flooding describes an overflow of water onto land that is usually dry and is generally undesirable, while runoff refers to water flow that occurs when the soil is saturated or impervious surfaces prevent water from being absorbed; it does not directly address the removal of water. Understanding drainage is essential for effective stormwater management and preventing potential issues related to excess water.