What is the relationship between infiltration and percolation?

Infiltration and percolation are two important processes in the movement of water through the environment, especially in the context of soil and groundwater systems. Infiltration refers to the process by which water enters the soil surface from precipitation or other sources, such as irrigation. This occurs at the ground surface where water begins to seep into the soil.

On the other hand, percolation describes the movement of water within the soil layers after it has infiltrated. It involves the downward flow of water through the soil as it moves through the pore spaces between soil particles, eventually reaching the groundwater table or aquifer. This process is critical for recharging groundwater supplies and plays a vital role in the hydrological cycle.

This distinction highlights that infiltration takes place on the surface, while percolation occurs deeper in the soil profile. Understanding this relationship helps in managing water resources, designing effective drainage systems, and managing stormwater runoff. Grasping both processes is essential for effective grading and drainage design, as well as for implementing effective stormwater management strategies.