What is defined as any constructed entity that has a permanent location?

The correct answer is "Structure." In the context of construction and civil engineering, a structure refers to any constructed entity that has a permanent location, which can include buildings, bridges, dams, and other types of infrastructures. A structure is designed to safely support loads and withstand various environmental factors while remaining fixed in a specific location.

The term "building" may seem appropriate, but it is generally more specific and refers primarily to enclosed spaces meant for occupancy or use, like homes or offices. "Facility" typically describes a broader concept that includes any space, possibly containing multiple structures, and often carries a functional connotation related to services or processes. "Installation" usually implies a temporary or semi-permanent setup that might be placed in a specific location for a particular purpose but does not inherently suggest permanence in the same way a structure does. Thus, "Structure" encompasses a wider range of entities with permanent locations than the other options.