What is bioretention primarily designed to achieve?

Bioretention systems are primarily designed to filter and collect stormwater runoff, making them a critical component of sustainable stormwater management. These systems typically consist of engineered soil, vegetation, and drainage elements that work together to promote infiltration and treat stormwater. The vegetation in bioretention areas helps to absorb rainwater, while the soil media filters out pollutants, allowing cleaner water to recharge groundwater supplies or exit through controlled drainage.

By effectively managing stormwater in this way, bioretention reduces the volume and velocity of runoff, helps to minimize erosion, and improves overall water quality in receiving waterways. This approach is vital for adhering to regulatory mandates concerning stormwater pollution and managing the impacts of urbanization on the hydrological cycle.

The other options are not aligned with the primary objective of bioretention systems. While bioretention may indirectly support ecological functions and landscaping, its main intent is not to support heavy loads, provide structural cushioning, or assist during excavation activities. Its focus is strictly on managing stormwater runoff through filtering and collection.